Problem 1 — Series Convergence
Determine the convergence of the following series:
\[\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^2+3}\]Solution
We use the Limit Comparison Test. Choose the comparison series:
\[\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^2}\]which is a convergent p-series with $p = 2 > 1$.
Step 1: Compute the limit:
\[L = \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{\dfrac{1}{n^2+3}}{\dfrac{1}{n^2}} = \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{n^2}{n^2+3}\]Step 2: Simplify:
\[L = \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{n^2}{n^2+3} = \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{1 + \frac{3}{n^2}} = 1\]Step 3: Since $0 < L = 1 < \infty$ and $\sum \frac{1}{n^2}$ converges, by the Limit Comparison Test:
\[\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^2+3} \quad \textbf{converges.}\]